ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of oral lesions in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in a descriptive cross-sectional study, and to establish their presence according to levels of CD4+ cells (including the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 75 patients infected with HIV were included. Oral lesions were observed and classified using World Health Organization classification guidelines. Potential correlations between the presence and severity of oral lesions and CD4+ cells, including the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, were studied. RESULTS: The most frequent oral lesion detected was oral pseudomembranous candidiasis (80.0%), followed by periodontal disease (40.0%), herpetic lesions (16.0%), hairy leukoplakia (16.0%), gingivitis (20.0%), oral ulceration (12.0%), Kaposi's sarcoma (8.0%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4.0%). The CD4+ count was 500 cells/mm³ in 12 cases (16.0%). The mean CD4+ count was 182.18 cells/mm³. The mean ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells was 0.26. All patients showed at least one oral manifestation. CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and the presence of oral lesions. The severity of the lesions was more pronounced when the CD4+ cell count was less than 200 cells/mm³.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Candidiasis , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Classification , Clinical Study , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gingivitis , HIV , Leukoplakia, Hairy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Oral Manifestations , Oral Ulcer , Periodontal Diseases , Sarcoma, Kaposi , World Health OrganizationSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Molar/pathology , Tooth, Deciduous , Tooth, Impacted , Dentition, Permanent , Mandible , Disease Management , OrthodonticsABSTRACT
The concept of osseointegration has been subject of numerous investigations since it was originally used to treat totally edentulous patients'. With the successful application of osseointegrated implants to partially edentulous patients, aesthetic considerations moved to the forefront and resulted in the development of new techniques and devices which allowed more natural, aesthetically pleasing implant-supported restorations[2]. Researchers have attempted to further define and modify the surgical protocol for implant therapy, and have altered the length of healing and the time of fixture placement in attempts to improve the efficacy and predictability of this restorative modality[3,4]. This case report demonstrates the use of an immediate placement procedure to restore a single tooth in the aesthetic zone, with emphasis on the maintenance of hard and soft tissues